Choosing the right cartridge for your revolver can significantly impact accuracy, power, and overall shooting experience. Two cartridges often causing confusion are the .38 Long Colt and the .38 Special. While they share a similar name and overall diameter, key differences exist that can influence your decision. This comprehensive guide dives deep into the specifics of each cartridge, helping you understand their strengths and weaknesses.
Understanding the Ancestry: .38 Long Colt
The .38 Long Colt holds a significant place in firearms history. Developed in 1878 for the Colt Single Action Army revolver, it predates the .38 Special by decades. This older cartridge is significantly longer than the .38 Special, which leads to several key distinctions:
Key Characteristics of .38 Long Colt:
- Longer Case: The extended case length is the most defining feature, leading to a greater powder capacity.
- Higher Pressure (Generally): While not always the case across all manufacturers and loads, .38 Long Colt ammunition often generates higher chamber pressures.
- Less Common Ammunition: Finding a wide variety of .38 Long Colt ammunition, especially in modern self-defense rounds, can be more challenging.
- Recoil: Due to the higher pressure potential and older design, recoil can be more noticeable than in .38 Special.
- Accuracy: Accuracy can vary significantly based on the firearm and ammunition used.
When to Choose .38 Long Colt:
The .38 Long Colt remains a viable option for collectors and enthusiasts of classic firearms. Its historical significance and use in antique revolvers make it relevant for those interested in preserving and shooting vintage pieces. Its heavier bullet weight can also provide more substantial stopping power in certain applications.
The Modern Standard: .38 Special
The .38 Special, introduced in 1898, addressed some of the limitations of its predecessor. It became a highly popular law enforcement and civilian cartridge, its popularity continuing to this day.
Key Characteristics of .38 Special:
- Shorter Case: The shorter case is a fundamental difference that distinguishes it from the .38 Long Colt.
- Lower Pressure (Generally): The shorter case typically results in lower chamber pressures, leading to a smoother shooting experience.
- Wide Ammunition Availability: A vast array of ammunition is readily available, including modern self-defense rounds with advanced bullet designs.
- Recoil: Generally, the recoil is less pronounced compared to the .38 Long Colt.
- Accuracy: Modern ammunition and manufacturing techniques contribute to consistently good accuracy.
When to Choose .38 Special:
The .38 Special's widespread availability, relatively low recoil, and wide selection of ammunition types make it an excellent choice for both target shooting and personal defense. Its versatility has cemented its place as a reliable and popular cartridge.
.38 Long Colt in .38 Special Revolvers?
This is a crucial point of clarification. While many modern .38 Special revolvers can safely fire .38 Long Colt cartridges, it's not recommended. The longer case of the .38 Long Colt can lead to excessive pressure in some .38 Special chambers, potentially causing damage to the firearm or causing malfunctions. Always consult your firearm's manual to determine the cartridges it can safely fire. Never assume compatibility.
Choosing the Right Cartridge: The Bottom Line
The best cartridge for you depends on your priorities and intended use. If you're shooting a vintage Colt Single Action Army or similar firearm, the .38 Long Colt might be your only option. However, for modern shooting, target practice, or self-defense, the .38 Special offers superior versatility, readily available ammunition, and a smoother shooting experience. Always prioritize safety and consult your firearm's manual before using any ammunition.
