Choosing the right cartridge for hunting or sport shooting requires careful consideration of several factors. This in-depth comparison of the .45/70 Government and the .450 Bushmaster will help you understand the strengths and weaknesses of each, ultimately aiding your decision-making process. Both cartridges boast impressive stopping power, but their applications and characteristics differ significantly.
Ballistics: A Head-to-Head Comparison
The most noticeable difference lies in the ballistics. The .45/70 Government, a classic black powder cartridge dating back to the late 19th century, is renowned for its substantial recoil and impressive energy at longer ranges. Modern ammunition takes advantage of this, packing a significant punch. The .450 Bushmaster, on the other hand, is a relatively newer cartridge designed specifically for the AR-15 platform. It delivers impressive power for its platform but doesn't quite reach the same energy levels as the .45/70 at extended distances.
| Feature | .45/70 Government | .450 Bushmaster |
|---|---|---|
| Caliber | .458 inch | .458 inch |
| Case Type | Bottleneck | Straight Wall |
| Recoil | Significantly Higher | Moderate |
| Velocity | Varies greatly depending on load; generally lower than .450 BM at shorter ranges, higher at longer | Generally higher at shorter ranges; lower at longer ranges |
| Energy | Higher at longer ranges | Higher at shorter ranges |
| Range | Excellent | Good, but generally shorter than .45/70 |
| Accuracy | Excellent with proper loads and rifles | Good with proper loads and rifles |
Velocity and Energy Differences Explained
The .450 Bushmaster generally exhibits higher muzzle velocities at shorter ranges compared to most .45/70 loads. However, the .45/70's heavier bullets and higher bullet sectional density allow it to retain velocity and energy more effectively over longer distances, making it a superior choice for long-range hunting.
Applications: Where Each Cartridge Excels
The intended use significantly influences cartridge selection.
.45/70 Government: Ideal for
- Big Game Hunting: Excellent for hunting large game like elk, deer, and bear, particularly at longer ranges. Its substantial energy transfer ensures a clean and ethical kill.
- Lever-Action Rifles: Traditionally used in lever-action rifles, offering a quick and efficient platform for hunting.
- Black Powder Enthusiasts: A historical cartridge with a rich legacy, appealing to enthusiasts of black powder shooting and reloading.
.450 Bushmaster: Ideal for
- AR-15 Platform: Specifically designed for AR-15 platforms, making it highly versatile and adaptable.
- Close to Medium Range Hunting: Provides sufficient stopping power for hunting medium-sized game at closer ranges.
- Home Defense: (controversial, requires responsible handling and legal considerations). While not ideal for the purpose, its stopping power could be considered, though a 12 gauge would typically be better suited.
Recoil and Handling: A Crucial Factor
The .45/70 Government's significant recoil makes it challenging for less experienced shooters. Proper shooting technique and a well-fitted rifle are paramount. The .450 Bushmaster, while possessing considerable recoil, is far more manageable due to its shorter barrel and generally lighter platform in the AR-15 configuration.
Ammunition Availability and Cost
Both cartridges are readily available, though the .45/70 might offer a slightly wider variety of ammunition types, including various bullet weights and designs. Prices can fluctuate depending on the manufacturer and current market conditions.
Conclusion: Choosing the Right Cartridge
The choice between the .45/70 Government and the .450 Bushmaster depends heavily on your intended use and personal preferences. The .45/70 is a powerful long-range hunting cartridge with a rich history, while the .450 Bushmaster provides impressive stopping power in a modern, versatile AR-15 platform, best suited for shorter ranges. Consider your shooting experience, hunting style, and the typical ranges you'll be engaging targets at when making your decision. Always prioritize safety and responsible firearm handling.
