What's the Difference Between .45 Colt and .45 Long Colt?
The terms ".45 Colt" and ".45 Long Colt" are often used interchangeably, leading to confusion. While they represent the same basic cartridge—a .45 caliber round designed for revolvers—there's a subtle but important historical distinction. Understanding this difference is crucial for anyone handling these powerful cartridges.
A Bit of History: The Colt Single Action Army
The story begins with the Colt Single Action Army revolver, famously used in the American Old West. The original cartridge designed for this iconic firearm was simply called the ".45 Colt." This early cartridge was relatively short and had a shorter case length than what we now consider the standard.
The Evolution to .45 Long Colt: Length and Power
Over time, gunsmiths and ammunition manufacturers realized the potential for a more powerful round. By lengthening the cartridge case, they could accommodate a larger powder charge, leading to a significant increase in velocity and energy. This longer cartridge became known as the ".45 Long Colt."
The Key Difference: Case Length
The fundamental difference lies in the case length. The ".45 Long Colt" cartridge is, as the name implies, longer than the original ".45 Colt." This longer case allows for a greater powder capacity, resulting in higher muzzle velocity and stopping power.
Are they interchangeable? The short answer is a cautious "no." While some older .45 Colt revolvers might handle .45 Long Colt ammunition, it's generally not recommended. Using .45 Long Colt in a firearm designed only for the shorter .45 Colt cartridge can lead to malfunctions, damage to the firearm, and potentially serious injury. Conversely, using a .45 Colt round in a firearm designed for the .45 Long Colt is usually safe, as the longer case will chamber correctly, though the performance will be less powerful.
Modern Usage and Clarification
Today, the term ".45 Colt" is often used as a general term to encompass both the original short cartridge and the more common .45 Long Colt. However, to avoid confusion and ensure firearm safety, it's essential to always check your firearm's manual to determine the specifically approved cartridge type. Most modern .45 Colt firearms are designed for the longer, more powerful .45 Long Colt round.
In Summary:
- .45 Colt (Original): Historically the first cartridge, shorter case length, lower power. Rarely seen today.
- .45 Long Colt: Longer case length, higher powder capacity, more powerful, the most common version in use today.
Always prioritize safety when handling firearms and ammunition. Verify the appropriate cartridge for your specific firearm before loading and firing. Consult your firearm's manual and seek advice from experienced firearm users if you have any doubts.
